EU China Policy: A Delicate Balance
The European Union's foreign policy must navigate a complex landscape, defending against unfair competition and geopolitical risks while preserving space for cooperation with China.
The 25th EU–China summit, held in Beijing in July 2025, failed to yield meaningful progress on key issues such as Ukraine, trade, and market access, highlighting the erosion of political will for deeper collaboration.
- Divergent governance and values
- Intensifying US–China tensions
- Alleged Chinese cyber operations in Europe
- The Taiwan issue
- Beijing's support for Russia
- Narrowing market access for Chinese goods in Europe
Despite these challenges, Europe can still resist bloc politics and recalibrate its relationship with China while defending its economic and security interests.
China's dependence on external markets remains one of the underappreciated dynamics in the relationship.
Author's summary: EU must balance defense and cooperation in China policy.
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